CEE Challenge

Deep Tech CEE Challenge Startups Landscape 2023–2025 Report

Discover the potential of the Central & Eastern Europe

Powered by 3 years of over 1,200 startup applications to the Deep Tech CEE Challenge. This report maps where & what kinds of breakthrough innovations are emerging across Central & Eastern Europe – and which ecosystems are defining the region's technological future.

Deep Tech in the CEE region is underrated and under the investors' radar.

Since 2023, my team and the Deep Tech CEE Challenge's jury have reviewed over 1,200 deep tech startup applications from across Central and Eastern Europe. We've done it the hard way, not through algorithms or third-party databases, but through direct contact with startup founders, accelerators, incubators, tech transfer offices, business angel networks, and science & technology parks across 18 countries.

Of those 1,200+, we preselected 267 as genuinely deep tech based on strict criteria, i.e., novel science, or high-tech engineering at the core, defensible IP, product-market-fit & technological risk. We are aligning with the European Innovation Council (EIC) criteria and the Hello Tomorrow Global Challenge.

In this guide, we have compiled key findings from the data we collected.

It won't tell you which specific startup to call, or give you a list of them. That's rather an invitation for a conversation with my team members or me about the Deep Tech Summit & CEE Challenge initiatives, collaboration, or attending the Deep Tech Summit 2026 in Warsaw (October, 26–27).

Moreover, it is an opportunity to get to know each other, discover your areas of interest, focus areas, and the kinds of risk you accept. What this guide will tell you is where in CEE the concentration of deep tech is highest, which sectors are accelerating, and why this region is one of the most underpriced deep tech investment opportunities in Europe and globally, today.

Sławomir Olejnik, CEO of Deep Tech Summit
Sławomir Olejnik
CEO Deep Tech CEE PSA
& Innovative Poland Foundation

Deep Tech CEE Challenge at a Glance

1,200+
Applications screened
267
Deep tech companies identified
18
Countries represented
3
Editions of CEE Challenge (2023, 2024, 2025)

Deep Tech Applications by Edition

Primary Business Model

Multiple selections allowed; totals exceed n=267.

The acceptance rate was approximately 22%. Four out of every five applications were rejected because they did not meet the definition of deep tech.

Investment Maturity

Funding Stage Distribution (Year by Year)

Shown as a share of each year's applicants.

Technology Readiness Level (Year by Year)

TRL grouped into Early (Idea–TRL 4), Mid (TRL 5–7), Late (TRL 8–9).

Stages of Startups Development

Science / development projects nearly tripled in 2025 (6→22), signalling increased academic spinout activity.

38 of 87 applicants in 2025 had no external funding – the highest no-funding share in three years. High pre-dilution concentration, typical of an early-stage market with substantial room for capital to engage.
The pipeline is concentrated at the early stage. In 2025, seed and early-stage companies accounted for 60 of 87 deep tech startups (69%), and 84% sat at TRL 7 or below.

Sectors & Technology Trends

Top Sectors (2023–2025 Combined)

Digital Health & Medical Devices leads the region with 89 deep tech companies. Close behind, Dual-use & Security & Defence rose from zero to a top-4 sector in just two years, a sign of how fast CEE's deep tech priorities are evolving.

Top 10 Technologies (2023–2025 Combined)

Where the Deep Tech Is

Of the 18 countries represented in CEE Challenge, a leading group accounts for the majority of deep tech activity so far, with communities across the wider region continuing to grow.

Deep Tech Companies by Country (Leading Countries, Besides Poland)

The Baltics punch above their weight. Latvia (17) and Estonia (15) outperform countries 10× their population size – driven by strong engineering cultures and NATO-aligned defence tech ecosystems.

Poland vs Other CEE Countries (267 Deep Tech Companies)

Poland accounts for 57% of the 267 deep tech companies, reflecting our direct presence and network in the Polish ecosystem. The remaining 43% is spread across the other CEE countries, where strong deep tech continues to emerge.

Country Profiles

Sector tags reflect where each country's applicants concentrate. Specific technologies and companies are reserved for direct briefings.

Latvia flag

Latvia

Environment Dual-use & Defence Energy

Strong engineering culture and Baltic NATO member, with deep tech concentrating in environment, dual-use and defence, and energy.

Estonia flag

Estonia

Dual-use & Defence Aeronautics & Space Digital Health

One of Europe's most digitalised economies, with deep tech strength in dual-use and defence, aerospace, and digital health.

Hungary flag

Hungary

Food & Agriculture Digital Health Dual-use & Defence

Central European hub with strong university R&D, concentrating in food & agriculture, digital health, and dual-use technologies.

Bulgaria flag

Bulgaria

Environment Food & Agriculture Energy

Growing deep tech ecosystem with momentum in environment & biodiversity, food & agriculture, and energy.

Slovakia flag

Slovakia

Energy Aeronautics & Space Food & Agriculture

Industrial economy applying deep tech across energy, aerospace, and food & agriculture.

Lithuania flag

Lithuania

Dual-use & Defence Aeronautics & Space Digital Health

NATO-aligned hub with a strong dual-use and defence pipeline, alongside aerospace and digital health.

Ukraine flag

Ukraine

Dual-use & Defence Digital Health Environment

Exceptional engineering talent, with strength in dual-use and defence technology, digital health, and environmental solutions.

Serbia flag

Serbia

Digital Health Pharma Construction

Growing startup scene anchored by strong mathematics and engineering faculties, with deep tech in digital health, pharma, and construction.

Croatia flag

Croatia

Electronics Pharma Construction

Pharma heritage (Pliva legacy), with emerging deep tech in electronics and construction & urban tech.

Romania flag

Romania

Digital Health Electronics Industry

Fast-growing ecosystem with momentum across digital health, electronics, and industry. Watch this space.

Czechia flag

Czechia

Energy Environment New Materials

Research-led ecosystem with a strong university spin-off pipeline, concentrating in energy, environment, and new materials.

Interested in Collaborating With Us?

The next step won't be a sales pitch. It will be a conversation about needs, ideas, goals, business, investment, and getting to know each other.

Of course, we would like to attract you to support promotion of the CEE Challenge, attending the Deep Tech Summit 2026 in Warsaw, or even becoming a Sponsor. But in the end, the main goal is to unlock the startup and investment potential of the CEE region.

Sławomir Olejnik, CEO of Deep Tech Summit
Sławomir Olejnik
CEO Deep Tech CEE PSA
& Innovative Poland Foundation
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